Introduction
Tooth enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body. Yet, they are easily prone to decay. How do you think this happens?
In truth, bacteria cause the tooth to decay, not the sugar. But the sugar serves as a fuel for these caries causing bacteria to demineralize the tooth enamel leading to dental caries.
What are dental caries?
Dental caries in common is known as tooth decay. Dental caries/tooth decay occurs when there is damage to the tooth enamel. It appears as a hole in the tooth’s surface.
The human mouth is the abode for thousands of bacteria. Among these, two specific bacteria significantly contribute to causing tooth decay- Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.
Tooth decay often starts as a small cavity. If untreated, it then progresses to form a big hole to reach the nerve endings. It can even result in the loss of the tooth if neglected.
What are the symptoms of dental caries?
● Tooth discoloration (as white, brown, or black)
● Visible hole/decay on the tooth’s surface
● Sensitivity or pain while chewing food
● Sensitivity to cold or hot food
● Sudden pain in the tooth
● Food lodgement
Visit the dentist immediately if you have any of the above symptoms. Your dentist will analyze the extent of the decay by taking a radiograph and then tell you the best treatment for your need.
How does sugar cause dental caries?
The caries causing-bacteria produce acids that erode the tooth enamel forming cavities. Sugar acts as a substrate for these bacteria.
Also, the acid produced by these bacteria lowers the pH in the mouth and creates an acidic environment. This acidic environment allows harmful bacteria to multiply more and flourish. Hence consuming a lot of sugar increases the risk of tooth cavities.
What are the treatments for dental caries?
● Initially, cavities appear as a white discoloration. At this stage, they can be reversible. Meanwhile, it often goes unnoticed.
● If the decay is caught early, a small dental filling will suffice.
● If the decay has progressed to involve the nerve inside the tooth, a Root canal treatment (RCT) is mandatory.
● If the tooth damage is extensive, RCT is not feasible. The tooth may require an extraction. That is why bi-annual check-up with the dentist is non-negotiable.
How can you prevent dental caries?
● Observe good oral hygiene
● Brush twice and floss at least once a day
● Rinse after every meal and snack
● Stay away from frequent snacking
● Avoid sticky candies and toffees that stick to your teeth for a long time
● Limit the consumption of sugary and acidic foods and drinks
● When you eat sugar, let it be just before meal time or along with the meal.
● Drink plenty of water and stay hydrated
● Visit the dentist once in six months
Take away
There is an age-old saying that prevention is better than cure. Following good oral hygiene and eating a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of dental caries.
Above all, limit the sugar intake. In particular before bedtime and in between meals.
Cavities in the initial stages do not cause pain and are often unseen. Visiting the dentist will help you catch them early and prevent further complications.